The Arab-Israeli Conflict Protecting Democracy in the...

Standing in front of the Knesset, the Prime Minister-designate gives a stern welcome to his fellow legislators. â€Å"I do not stand here with the glee of victory, but with a sense of grave responsibility in testing times,† he says. What has brought Benjamin Netanyahu to the head of government in Israel is the need to bring peace, to bring about an end to violence, and to erase the misdeeds of the past and renew the spirit of cooperation and harmony in the Middle East. It is a task of mammoth proportions, rife with possibilities for failure, but one which is the responsibility of any government that is to be taken seriously by the international community to undertake. The peace that Israel seeks is often hampered by those who claim that the†¦show more content†¦There were over 200 pogroms in Russia in the four year period of 1881–1884 (Morris 4). These pogroms led to an ever increasing call for the Jews to find a place that they could be under their own sover eign rule, and many saw that place as Palestine (Morris 4). The beginnings of mass immigration to Palestine began when, according to Lesch and Tschirgi’s Origins and Development of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Herzl created the World Zionist Organization (WZO) in 1897. Among other things, the WZO helped immigrants to Palestine with purchasing land with the express intent of establishing a homeland there (Lesch and Tschirgi 5). With this immigration, Israel’s detractors have claimed that the Jews who did come to Palestine displaced those who were already there. According to Alan Dershowitz’s A Case for Israel, Professor Mohammad Abu Laila of the Al-Azhar University in Cairo has said that the Jews stole the land. M. Shahid Alam has said that the Zionists conceived their plan for a colonial-setter state and expelled the Palestinians. The reality of the situation is that the Jews who moved to Palestine bought the land, legally. The land purchase records show that ma ny of the landowners were absentees; living in Beirut or Damascus, they had no connection to the land and sold the land to the Jews. Also, Palestine was already vastlyShow MoreRelatedThe Arab Israeli Conflict Of Palestine Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe Arab-Israeli conflict began in 1948, when the British Mandate over Palestine ended. Resulting in the proclamation that established the Jewish state in Eretz Israel. The conflict was a struggle between the Jewish state or Israel and the Arabs of the Middle East concerning the territory and control over Palestine. The geographical area and political status of Palestine has changed dramatically over the years, but the region as always been considered Holy Land. This Holy Land is sacred among theRead MoreThe Fall Of The Ottoman Empire1357 Words   |  6 PagesJanuary 10, 1920, pushed for a mandate system in the Middle East, replacing that of the Sykes-Picot. The mandates took away the sovereignty of the territory’s previous o wner and transferred controlment to individual states in the Allied Powers. France came to own Syria and modern-day Lebanon and both Iraq and Palestine became British territories. What was interesting was that the United States had a good reputation, according to the Middle East states, and rather receive supervision from the U.S.Read More Struggles Within the Middle East: United States Supplying Israel During the Yom Kippur War2171 Words   |  9 Pageseffort to create the best outcome for America in both the Middle East and the global theatre, the United States made the decision, knowing full well the possible consequences, to help supply Israel during the Yom Kippur War. On October 6th, 1973, during the Jewish holy day of atonement, Yom Kippur, a surprise attack transpired, catching Israel off-guard and potentially putting over sovereign nations in a precarious position pertaining to Middle Eastern foreign affairs. The governments of Egypt andRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Middle East Region3018 Words   |  13 Pagesincreasingly become more focused on the Middle East region. The United States continues view the Middle East as an area of instability in which the country’s economic interests, particularly oil, are often threatened and at risk. The on-going Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which has lasted over sixty years, is a prime opportunity for the United States to take initiative in both protecting its interests in the Middle East region as well as forming stronger alliances with Arab states through the process of cooperationRead MoreIsrael Case Study1104 Words   |  5 Pageswar and conflict all the way from the Biblical time frame. Israel has literally gone from rags to riches in such a short time. Israel’s Political, Military and Economic structures have developed tenfold in contrast to other countries that where established four times longer. Through Israel’s military, the government backing, and their ability to adapt economically. Israel is holding their enemies at bay and rising to a super power country. Israel is the only Democracy in the Middle East. (MJLRead MoreIsrael Is A Technologically Advanced Market Economy1731 Words   |  7 Pages Israel is a Middle Eastern Country located along the eastern coastline of the Mediterranean Sea. It is surrounded by Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt, and lies at the crossroads of three continents: Asia, Europe, and Africa. Israel is a technologically advanced market economy. As of 2013, the country as a whole ranked 19th out of 187 nations on the UN s â€Å"Human Development Index†. It is considered a highly developed country. Metal, biomedical and electronic equipment, pharmaceuticals and chemicalsRead MoreThe Origins Of The United Nations1218 Words   |  5 Pagesmaintained ceasefire in Lebanon, brought a warlord to justice- in turn inspiring democracy in Liberia, aided millions of people that were displaced by conflict in Darfur, and began educating women in Afghanistan, just to name a few.† says Tim Wirth in February of 2007. In August of 2006, after the ceasefire was accepted, they immediately increased the number of peacekeepers in southern Lebanon, allowing the Israeli army to pull back. The Lebanese army was then able to deploy to the border and noRead MoreHorrific Treatment Women In The Middle East. Spring 2017.1718 Words   |  7 Pages Horrific Treatment Women in the Middle East Spring 2017 Sociology 102 Gerardo Matamoros Have you ever felt discriminated against for no reason? At some point in our lives we will encounter people that will discriminate us for irrelevant aspects. Plenty of people tend to discriminate against others when they feel threatened because of the persons’ intellect, or other factors that may make the person look inferior. Unfortunately, discrimination comes in differentRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War2000 Words   |  8 Pagesof an old conflict, the Islamist uprising of 1979-1982 in Syria. Furthermore, Assad does not recognize the Syrian Civil War as stemming from the Arab Spring. The total population of Syria is eighteen million, with diverse ethnicities: 74% Sunni Muslim, 16% other Muslims (including Alawites), and 10% are Christians. The diversity that exists in Syria allows al-Assad to promote the ideology of the Arab nationalist Baath party. Antigovernment movements broke out in early 2011 with the Arab Spring. TheRead MoreUnited States And Foreign Policy2415 Words à ‚  |  10 Pagesinternational problems, promoting democratic values and human rights, and furthering cooperative foreign trade and global involvement in international trade organizations (ushistory, 2013). One way the United States can secure the national security is by protecting the borders from terrorists, instead of spending money for foreign wars. The US should invest money to secure the border. Securing the border would require fewer troops and would utilize unmanned surveillance technology called the Predator B drone

Animal Farm By George Orwell - 1779 Words

Most people would think that a book named Animal Farm would be about something harmless, playful, or childish. The author George Orwell even subtitled the novella, â€Å"A Fairy Story.† However, Animal Farm carries a much deeper message than one might initially suppose. The story chronicles the development of a farm in England named, â€Å"The Manor Farm.† The animals of the farm are controlled and oppressed by Mr. Jones, the farmer, and his ranch-hands. One night, a pig by the name of Old Major, delivers a speech to the animals, telling them that he wishes to establish equality for all animals, and urges them to rebel against Mr. Jones. The rebellion is successful, with the pigs, being the most intelligence animals on the farm, assuming leadership. Old Major’s precepts are summarized in Seven Commandments, and the farm is renamed â€Å"Animal Farm.† Two pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, vie for power, and eventually Snowball is evicted from the farm by Napoleo n. Napoleon and his fellow pig assistant Squealer gradually destroy the Seven Commandments and convert the farm into a totalitarian state. The novel ends with the animals realizing that the pigs have become humans. Animal Farm is actually a parody of the Soviet Union from its conception and how it was changed by dictator Joseph Stalin, who Napoleon the pig represents. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm from 1943 to 1944, in the later years of World War II (he worked as a British propagandist), and published the novel in 1945, as the war wasShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And George Orwell By George Orwell1034 Words   |  5 Pages Eric Arthur Blair, under the pseudonym of George Orwell, composed many novels in his lifetime that were considered both politically rebellious and socially incorrect. Working on the dream since childhood, Orwell would finally gain notoriety as an author with his 1945 novel Animal Farm, which drew on personal experiences and deeply rooted fear to satirically critique Russian communism during its expansion. Noticing the impact he made, he next took to writing the novel 1984, which similarly criticizedRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1545 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to dominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 Pageslegs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also th e author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glance into the future. George OrwellRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1538 Words   |  7 PagesMecca Animal Farm The Russian Revolution in 1917 shows how a desperate society can be turned into a military superpower filled with terror and chaos. George Orwell uses his book, Animal Farm, to parallel this period of time in history. This book is an allegory of fascism and communism and the negative outcomes. The animals begin with great unity, working toward a common goal. The government then becomes corrupted by the temptations of power. George Orwell uses the characters in Animal Farm to showRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell876 Words   |  4 Pagesrebellious animals think no man means freedom and happiness, but they need to think again. The animals of Manor Farm rebel against the farm owner, Mr. Jones, and name it Animal Farm. The animals create Animalism, with seven commandments. As everything seems going well, two of the animals get into a rivalry, and things start changing. Food starts disappearing and commandments are changed, and the power begins to shift. Father of dystopian genre, G eorge Orwell writes an interesting allegory, Animal FarmRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1175 Words   |  5 PagesAn enthusiastic participant in the Spanish civil war in 1936, George Orwell had a great understanding of the political world and made his strong opinions known through his enlightening literary works, many of which are still read in our modern era. Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution and the failed society it resulted in, Animal Farm by George Orwell is an encapsulating tale that epitomises how a free utopian society so idealistic can never be accomplished. The novella exemplifies how influencesRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1089 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the pigs as the farm leaders, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigsâ⠂¬â„¢ use of broad language, and the implementation of these tactics they are able to get away with avoiding laws, and are able to convince other animals into believing untrue stories that are beneficial to the pigs. The firstRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell999 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Essay George Gurdjieff was an influential spiritual teacher in the early twentieth century. He references in the following quote that when one is uneducated he will always remain a slave. â€Å"Without self knowledge, without understanding the working and functions of his machine, man cannot be free, he cannot govern himself and he will always remain a slave.† (Gurdjieff) This ties in with how the animals are treated in George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Animal Farm is a novella about animals who

Living in Sin Free Essays

The poem tells the story of the lovers that starts just after the fairytale of their lives has ended. Actually, it reveals the continuation of relationship where fairytale usually cuts the story at the kisses and declaration of love followed by â€Å"The End† (a story of a Princess which has to wash dishes on a day after a romantic ball). It is important to point out that the speaker is not actually the woman spoken of in the poem. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in Sin or any similar topic only for you Order Now The narrator here depicts the events in this couple’s daily life. Yet, it is obviously a woman, due to the tone of the poem: how she sees the careless husband and notices household disorder. Being in variance with many modern text analysts, I must say that the poem ‘Living in Sin’ is completely autobiographic. It has been written by Adrienne Rich during the first months of her own marriage and conveys her own disappointment in what is left after the romantic prelude. To understand the poem one must notice that it is wholly built on the contrasts the author uses from sentence to sentence. The most evident contrast resides in the mood of the heroes: the indifferent, careless husband (‘he, with a yawn†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) who seems not to notice the miserable surroundings and only shrugs his shoulders at the mirror admitting the piano out of tune, and the pensive and sad wife who is distressed with the routine circle of everyday cleaning and watching the back of her lover leaving each morning for the trivial cigarettes: â€Å" [he] rubbed at his beard, went out for cigarettes; while she, jeered by the minor demons, pulled back the sheets and made the bed and found a towel to dust the table-top†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Adrienne Rich has been influenced by the popular image contrast of artist and his woman (generally, a family). Their married life goes in the studio, a huge room without walls or borders, without anything to confirm one’s privacy. Here we obviously see a family of artists where the woman has to play the subordinate role imposed by the society. As means to manipulate women into submitting to housekeeping roles, society promotes a male-dominant view. Most traditional societies expect all women to feign fulfillment in this biological role of a domestic apparatus. Therefore, like the woman in the poem, many women in society accept (although, quite reluctantly) this role of a home caretaker. The images of dusted furniture, dried cheese and empty bottles, overboiled pot etc. produce low, pessimistic tones of the poem – all these trifle seems to be powerful enough to spoil woman’s life and even to kill love: â€Å"By evening she was back in love again, though not so wholly but throughout the night she woke sometimes to feel the daylight coming like a relentless milkman up the stairs†. Here appears another pair of contrasting images: Day and Night that are parallel to Reality and Dream. This woman actually lives double life, enjoying night demonstrations of love and being not able to change the obtrusive tedium of the day which comes like the â€Å"relentless milkman† upon the creaking stair and ruins the fragile dreams of the romantic supper. The piano (summoned by him) seems to be out of tune just like their love. The grime at their window panes is as hard to remove as to bring back the brightness and romantics to the life. Comparatively, each of the household items is dingy. Everything illuminated by the day is out of this light in a paradoxical way – on the contrary, it strives for the night unconsciousness and inempiricalness. So, now it is possible to explain the name of the poem. â€Å"Living in Sin† means to face the day and not to do anything about it, just to see the things go on and to be afraid to make any changes. The woman submits to this role of absolute responsibility without resistance, keeping her resentment and anger to herself. Her constant expenditure of energy with no satisfactory results leads to disappointment. The heroine of the poem is completely unsatisfied but what with she is not quite sure†¦ We, as a reader, can only guess what exactly bothers her: a bunch of disappointing details or the whole picture of their relationship. I think that the last thing does. Everyday dusting, which she has to take around the studio, symolizes the ‘dusting’ of the relationship that is also needed to keep the love alive. Undoubtedly, family life needs refreshment not to be sepulchered by the lay of ‘dust’ and similar days. The woman’s futile efforts result in her â€Å"living in sin†. She sinfully accepts what society dictates and does not try to escape and improve her circumstances. By lettig this miserable life to continue, she denies herself and her individuality. And such self-sacrifice is the biggest sin for an artistic and thoughtful woman. How to cite Living in Sin, Essay examples

Innovation and New Technology for Apple Inc - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInnovation and New Technology for Apple Inc. Answer: Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company which designs and sells consumer electronics, computer software and online services. It is headquartered in Cupertino, California. The hardware products manufactured by the company include iPhone smartphones, iPad tablet computers etc. It is the worlds largest information technology company and was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in April, 1976 (Rawlinson, 2017). Black Berry Limited is a Canadian company which designs and markets smartphones tablets and services. Founded in 1984, it was considered as one of the most dominant smart phone suppliers in the world till it lost its dominant position due to its success of Android and iOS systems (Blackberry , 2017). In this literature search, opinions stated in various journal articles regarding the reasons why incumbents i.e. Blackberry are beaten by the challengers i.e. Apple Inc. in the business would be stated. According to Nish and Silcoff (2015) in 2007, Apple Inc. transformed the competition landscape by creating a transition in the scenario of smartphones from something which was functional to a product which was beautiful. More than 1 million iPhones were sold in the first three months in the summer of 2007. When the first iPhone was released, Black Berry decided to beat the competition by manufacturing a touchscreen iPhone killer, which turned to be a complete flop. Blackberry was great in creating phones and dominated the market before Apple Inc launched its first iPhone. It was successful in creating a permanent shift of the customers who used other phones towards it. BlackBerry dominated the market by creating devices for e-mails and phone calls but with the launching of App store by Apple Inc., it changed the definition of smartphone entirely. It is the top leader with the market share of 45 % while Black Berry has now fallen to 32 % of the market. With the introduction of iPhone, Black Berry has lost its charm in the cell phone market. To make it worst, its management has been in denial ever since. Its shrinking sales, lowered brand power and incompetency has sent it downward with the expulsion of co- CEOs Mike Lazaridis and Jim Basille. According to the opinion of Arthur (2013) Black Berry had the chances to survive and grow but it took the wrong direction. It did not adapt itself to the changing demands of the customers. Apples strategy was to shift its business focus from just designing iPods to mobile phones to store music, surf the net and make calls too. As for the case of Black Berry, the problem was not that it had lack of ideas, rather it made the wrong choices and failed to adapt itself with the changing market conditions. As per the opinion of Winter (2014) when Steve Jobs introduced iPhone in 2007, it was a small and pocket able computer of its time. It was not only for calculating and processing data like a business phone but also had the features of running apps along with making calls and playing music. Apple Incs strategy was to outperform by creating desktop class architecture in its phones. Black Berry was not able to cope up with the competition since it only excelled at making phones having the features of making phone calls and processing data. iPhones not only allowed the users to make calls but also allowed them to play games, videos and handle those tasks which required a laptop earlier. Black Berry failed to grasp this and continued to manufacture the same phones which it was manufacturing earlier. Black Berry lacked in its features and it was slow in updating its Operating System. Unless Black Berry overhauled its phones, it did not find any decent buyers in the market. The reason behind its failure was to comprehend the true nature of the device called smart phones (Sag and Waller, 2015). According to Divya and Kumar (2016) Black Berry was slow in reacting to market changes. Earlier, people were comfortable using Qwerty keyboards which were easier to handle e-mails and instant messages. Eventually, with the emergence of Apple iPhone, they became comfortable with touch screen devices and their large screens which helped them to surf the net and the apps in a better way. Black Berry failed to notice this transition .The company was stuck to the idea of manufacturing phones with plastic keys with little scroll balls. They failed to notice that their phones with plastic keys were no longer desirable among the users. They now preferred sleek elegant devices with touch screens. However, the company tried to manufacture Black Berry 10 which was a touch screen device with a modern look and feel, but it was too late. Moreover, Apple had come up with iOS at that time and it grabbed the market in such a way that those users who even wanted to use Black Berry were left without the core services they needed. If BlackBerry would have designed beautiful and elegant devices at the right time, it would have regrown back, but unfortunately it did not. Furthermore, it also depicted disturbing regularities in its gadgets. For example, it launched its playbook tablet without an email client on board. It was the major reason behind shifting its market to Apple iPhones. It believed that its users would wait for its superior product or tolerate its limitations because of its brand value , but they did not. Apples approach towards its manufacturing and marketing strategies made it more popular amongst the users and they shifted from Black Berry phones to iPhones. Thus, Black Berry which was known for its assets and advantages , portrayed its reluctance to accept the changes and therefore failed to capture the market. Another mistake which Black Berry committed was it kept BBM locked to its own hardware. Also, Black Berry manufactured phones which had bad designs with strange names which affected its popularity amongst its users. Apple recognized the need to design sleek and elegant devices with their easy to hold rectangular shapes, but Black Berry refused to follow the trend. Black Berry manufactured devices which were square in shape with plastic keys and scroll balls. These devices looked absurd and did not even fit into the pockets of the users. Then why would they buy these phones? Afterwards, when the company designed the right model they called it Priv which sounded absurd , hence it did not appeal to the users in the market. Another reason for Black Berrys failure was that its devices were never fashionable and trendy enough to catch the attention of the targeted users specially the young section of the society while Apple was successful in catching their attention and grabbing the market. Black Berry boasted of its highly secured Black Berry Enterprise Server Platform which guaranteed that the content was secured and cannot be decoded or hacked. But with time the governments started demanding access in nations such as India and Pakistan . Also, several network problems were the cause of losing faith in the Black Berry devices (Sircar, 2017). Also, the evolving of the corporate culture which encouraged its employees to bring their personal phones was the reason behind the decline in the sale of devices meant for sole corporate purpose such as Black Berry. According to Gotz, Stieger and Reips (2017) Apple devices provided a complete package of tools ranging from games to productivity tools. Additionally, they were good looking and had an ease of use. On the other hand, Black Berry failed to introduce new operating system to match the new offerings from its competitor Apple. Black Berrys focus was on enterprises and not on its consumers. It found success through selling to IT departments of large corporations which gradually fainted with time. In the present scenario, the companies are too reluctant to use Black Berry devices because of their outdated operating systems and restricted service offerings. Although the success of Black Berry came from sale of its devices from huge corporations, they secured some place amongst the consumers. But they failed to develop it because of their devices looked ugly as compared to iPhones. It was seen as a professional device for accessing e-mails; hence it did not capture the attention of the youth and failed to survive. The features of the smart phones launched by Apple ranged from games to productivity tools and the users were able to transform their phones instantly (Johnson et al., 2012). On the other hand, the users failed to do this with the help of Black Berry OS because of its limited availability of apps. Even after Black Berry launched its first smart phone 6 years later than the first iPhone, the problem was that the QNX based Black Berry OS was not easy to use. It had the gesture based operating system which was not user friendly and thus did not catch the attention of the target users (Budd et al., 2015). Likewise, the BBOS 10 were inferior versions of Apple iOS which resulted in an incomplete app which was substandard as compared to its counterpart Apple. Also, its features were not as impressive as Apple. For example, the quality of the camera was not as good as that of iPhone. Thus Black Berry lacked innovation which was needed to break the market of iPhones (Bala, Sharma and Kaur, 2015). Black Berry was an expensive and overpriced device as compared to Apple. It catered to a particular set of users i.e. corporations while Apple catered to all types of users including corporations. So, its cost proved to be much more than its utility. SO, it couldnt compete with its counterpart in this context (C?p?tn? and Dr?ghescu, 2015). Another reason of the failure of Black Berry was that it failed to leverage the fame of BBM. With the emergence of WhatsApp which became a prime messaging platform for mobile users, it lost its popularity (Youssef, 2013). Thus, to conclude, Black Berry departed from the cell phone market due to its unwillingness to adapt itself to the changing market conditions, Adapt or die is the lesson which the companies must follow in the current scenario. Black Berry is an example of risk associated with technology sector. With the launch of Apple iPhones, the stock prices of Black Berry declined. However, it made attempts to come back but it was too late to capture the market. Therefore, the failure of Black Berry has become a case study about what happens when a tech giant fails to adapt itself to changing needs of the technology market. References Arthur, C. (2013) Why BlackBerry failed . The Guardian [online]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/05/why-blackberry-failed [Accessed 15th March, 2018]. Bala, K., Sharma, S. and Kaur, G. (2015) A Study on Smartphone based Operating System. International Journal of Computer Applications. 121(1), pp. 17-22. Blackberry (2017) About BlackBerry [online]. Available from: https://us.blackberry.com/company [Accessed 14th March, 2018]. Budd, N., Matulich, E., Breakwel, A., Liu , M.X., Schleper, C. and Murrian, R.M.(2015) The RIM BlackBerry PlayBook Disaster: B2B or B2C? Journal of Business Cases and Applications. 13(2015), pp. 1-11. C?p?tn?, G. and Dr?ghescu, F. (2015) Success Factors of New Product Launch: The Case of iPhone Launch. International Journal of Economics and Finance. 7(5), pp. 61-70. Divya , K. and Kumar, S.V.K. (2016) Comparative Analysis of Smart Phone Operating Systems Android, Apple IOS and Windows. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science. 2(2),pp. 432-438. Gotz, F.M., Stieger, S. and Reips, U.D.(2017) Users of the main smartphone operating systems (iOS, Android) differ only little in personality. PLOS One . 12(5), pp. 1-18. Johnson, K., Li, Y., Phan, H., Singer, J. and Trinh, H.(2012)The Innovative Success that is Apple, Inc. Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. [online] Available from: https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1420context=etd [Accessed 15th March, 2018]. Nish, J.M. and Silcoff, S. (2015) The Inside Story of how the iPhone crippled BlackBerry. The Wall Street Journal [online]. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-the-rise-and-fall-of-blackberry-1432311912 [Accessed 14th March, 2018]. Rawlinson, N. (2017) History of Apple: The story of Steve Jobs and the company he founded. Macworld [online]. Available from: https://www.macworld.co.uk/feature/apple/history-of-apple-steve-jobs-mac-3606104/ [Accessed 14th March, 2018]. Sag, M. and Waller, S.W. (2015) Promoting Innovation. IOWA Law Review. 100(2015), pp. 2223-2246. Sircar, S. (2017) The Crypto Wars: Interpreting The Privacy Versus National Security Debate From A Standards Perspective [online] Available from: https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/1043831/Sircar_georgetown_0076M_13737.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 15th March, 2018]. Winter, J.M. (2014) Success Factors of Mobile Business Ecosystems From Hardware-Centric to Content and Advertising Based Business Models[online] Available from: https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/14467/lic_winter_juha_2014.pdf [Accessed 15th March, 2018]. Youssef, M.H.(2013) Strategic tensions within the smartphones industry: the case of BlackBerry. Education, Economy and Community. 2013(3),pp. 125-141.